What is it?
Diabetic retinopathy refers to changes in the small blood vessels of the retina caused by long-term high blood sugar. As it may not affect vision at first, regular retinal examinations are recommended for everyone with diabetes.
The pupil is dilated with drops and the retina is examined. When needed, optical coherence tomography assesses swelling in the macula, or angiography showing the blood vessels is planned.
The follow-up interval is set according to the findings; laser or intraocular injection treatments are discussed if needed. Managing blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol is also an important part of the process. The course of retinal changes differs from person to person, and whether treatment is needed is assessed after the examination.
Who is it assessed for?
- Everyone with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
- Women with diabetes who are pregnant or planning pregnancy
- People with diabetes noticing blurred or fluctuating vision
- Those already diagnosed with retinopathy and under follow-up
Step by step
- 1
History
Duration of diabetes, recent blood sugar values and medications are discussed.
- 2
Retinal examination
The retina is examined in detail through a dilated pupil.
- 3
Imaging
Optical coherence tomography or angiography is performed if needed.
- 4
Plan
A follow-up interval or treatment options are discussed based on the findings.
- 5
Communication
If needed, written information is sent to the doctor managing your diabetes.
Questions
Should I be examined even if my vision is fine?
Yes. Diabetic retinopathy may not affect vision early on, so regular retinal examination is recommended even without symptoms.
How often should I come for check-ups?
The frequency depends on the findings. If no retinal changes are found the interval is longer; if changes are present it may be shorter.
Should I bring my blood sugar results?
Yes, bringing recent test results is recommended. This information helps interpret the retinal findings.
This page is for general information and does not replace a medical examination. Results and the suitable approach vary from person to person.